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Publications
Transnational Terrorism, Security, and the Rule of Law produces 13 Deliverables for several Workpackages on aspects of transnational terrorism. These Deliverables are presented here in the first section. The contents of the Workpackages and Deliverables can be found here. The research for the Deliverables produces contextual papers that give more detailed information on terrorism, presented here in a separate section. Each Deliverable has its own newsletter, with an introduction to the actual research paper. These are listed here as well. Our consortium produces additional papers on terrorism that are not written within TTSRL context, that can be found here as well.
TTSRL Deliverables
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This paper discusses definitions of security and gives a historical overview of this concept. In addition, several security related theories are discussed (such as realism, liberalism, and constructivism), and levels of analysis (system, state, individual levels). Finally, the authors take a look at how transnational terrorism fits into this theoretical framework. |
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In this report we have analyzed the policy discourse on security within the European Union, both at the national level and at the EU level. Also, we have looked at the media discourse on terrorism in European countries as well as in a number of non-European countries, based on the assumption that the media discourse is an important element in policy decisions as well as an indicator of public perceptions of the issue. |
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Our aim in this deliverable was to determine whether the discourse on terrorism found in different European countries reflects new concepts and aspects of security (referring primarily to the matter of terrorism). |
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Without understanding the meaning of the term terrorism, it is hardly possible to analyze the consequences of the phenomenon. Unfortunately, different people and organizations use varying definitions. In Deliverable 4, we have investigated the manner in which terrorism has been conceptualized and classified in academic literature. In addition, we have analyzed how terrorism is defined in European law as well as in the codes of law of selected Member States. |
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This three part study presents an in-depth assessment of the concepts of terrorism. Part one looks into root and trigger causes, factors of decline and establishes a connection between the two concepts. Chapter two investigates whether changes in terrorist trends have led to changes in the risk terrorist groups pose to societies. Finally, chapter three presents cases studies of significant European terrorist organizations and the factors that have shaped the climate on this issue in Europe. |
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The media play an important role in terrorist strategy. This paper discusses the relationship between terrorism and the mass media. It will describe this relationship, analyze the consequences, and discuss whether something can or should be done to break this link. |
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Radicalisation is a complex phenomenon with similarly complex causes. This paper analyses processes of radicalisation and the contributing causal factors and catalysts. Furthermore, measures aimed at preventing radicalisation and recruitment at the EU level are discussed following an analysis of relevant EU policy papers. |
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This report analyses how measures of counterterrorism have affected civil peace including processes of radicalization. The findings are mainly based on interviews conducted in five countries including Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain and United Kingdom. |
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The aim of this study is to give an insight in the relation between economic globalization and transnational terrorism and their implications for those counterterrorism policies designed to minimize the economic consequences of terrorist attacks in the EU. |
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This report aims to present a study of the theoretical dimension of counterterrorism by focusing on the extended scope of the concept, in order to be able to review the EU’s strategic efforts to combat terrorism. Elements from a number of academic fields are used in an effort to present a broad view of theories and notions that have continuously contributed to counterterrorism research. |
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This report describes our framework devised to help us identify different categories of counterterrorism policies of states. A comparison of the counterterrorism efforts of several EU Member States is the result. |
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This deliverable describes and analyzes counterterrorism policies of the European Union, and takes an in-depth look at whether or not they are coherent with other important EU policies. |
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This deliverables assesses the ethical justness of european counterterrorism measures and takes stock of six case studies including, France, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, UK and the EU. The case studies are available as separate reports and published under the heading contextual papers on our website. |
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The purpose of deliverable 13 then is to digest information of other deliverables within workpackage 6, synthesize it, along with primary source documents, and tender policy proposals to make the European counterterrorism strategy truly comprehensive, feasible, and legitimate. |
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TTSRL Contextual Papers
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This paper, written in the context of Workpackage 4, Deliverable 7, aims to provide insight into the causal factors of radicalization as well as the complex interactions that lead to this phenomenon. In addition, it looks at the question which social groups are most susceptible to radicalization. |
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This paper aims to provide an overview of the development and evolution of a definition for terrorism within the European Union. The paper was written in the context of Workpackage 3, Deliverables 4 and 5. |
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This paper is, like the paper on Causal Factors of Radicalization, written for Workpackage 4, Deliverable 7. It evaluates the EU policies concerning the causes of radicalization. After a general analysis two specific case studies (The United Kingdom and Amsterdam) are used to illuminate the policies. |
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This paper was written in the context of Workpackage 3, Deliverable 5. It deals with two strands in European terrorism, and the way organizations cooperate within and between those strands. |
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This study was written as a contextual paper for Workpackage 3, Deliverable 5. It investigates and analyzes the root and trigger causes for terrorism. After thorough assessment it illustrates five of the most commonly cited characteristics thought to contribute to root causes and to trigger causes. |
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This report written for Workpackage 3, Deliverable 5, deals with the organization Hizb ut Tahrir al Islami. To many countries in and outside of Europe, Hizb ut Tahrir presents a particularly difficult challenge since it holds radical Islamist views, but openly only advocates peaceful change. |
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This report written for Workpackage 3, Deliverable 5, analyzes the small Dutch terrorist network the "Hofstadgroep". It presents an examination of the network and its convicted members, particularly focusing on Mohammed Bouyeri, convicted murderer of Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh. Analyzing the root causes and triggering events that incited Bouyeri's actions, we aimed to shed additional light on the counterterrorism policies in the Netherlands and abroad. |
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This paper discusses some of the issues related to the problematic task of defining terrorism, in the context of Workpackage 3, Deliverables 4 and 5. A closer look is taken at the similarities and dissimilarities between terrorism and organized crime, as well as those between terrorism and other forms of political violence. |
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This report written for Workpackage 3, Deliverable 5, deals with extreme right-wing groups that carry out terrorism. Although after 9/11 most of the attention shifted from right wing to Islamist or religious terrorism, right-wing terrorism is gaining in importance again. This paper discusses this phenomenon. |
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This case study was written as part of Workpackage 6, Deliverable 12b and assesses the ethical justness of counterterrorism measures adopted by the EU. |
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This case study was written as part of Workpackage 6, Deliverable 12b and assesses France's counterterrorism policy from the viewpoint of legality and legitimacy. |
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This case study was written as part of Workpackage 6, Deliverable 12b and assesses Germany's counterterrorism policy from the viewpoint of legality and legitimacy. |
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This case study was written as part of Workpackage 6, Deliverable 12b and assesses Spain's counterterrorism policy from the viewpoint of legality and legitimacy. |
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This case study was written as part of Workpackage 6, Deliverable 12b and assesses the Dutch counterterrorism policy from the viewpoint of legality and legitimacy. |
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This case study was written as part of Workpackage 6, Deliverable 12b and assesses UK's counterterrorism policy from the viewpoint of legality and legitimacy. |
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Newsletters
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This TTSRL newsletter, the first, focuses on some general aspects of our project: who are we, what are we doing, and what are our plans? In addition, a summary is given of Workpackage 2, Deliverable 1, which can be read here in full as well. Additionally, several other publications are highlighted. |
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This second TTSRL newsletter gives a summary of Workpackage 6, Deliverable 10. The full version of this Deliverable on Counterterrorism Approaches can be read here. Just like in our first newsletter, a reading corner and an events section are part of this newsletter as well. |
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This newsletter, the third, gives a summary of Workpackage 6, Deliverable 11, on counterterrorism policies in the EU Member States. The full report can be read here. Our regulars, such as the Reading Corner, are of course part of this newsletter as well. |
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This fourth newsletter summarizes Deliverable 6 (Workpackage 4). The deliverable is on the relationship between terrorism and the media. Read the full paper here |
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Our fifth newsletter summarizes Deliverable 9 (Workpackage 5), on the negative economic impact of terrorism and consequence minimization. Read the full paper here |
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Newsletter VI summarizes Deliverable 4 (Workpackage 3), that deals with definitions of terrorism. Read the full paper here |
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This newsletter, the seventh, summarizes Deliverable 2 (Workpackage 2), that deals with the evolving threat of terrorism in the media and in policy discourse. Read the full paper here |
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Our eigth newsletter summarizes Deliverable 12a (Workpackage 6). This deliverable deals with the coherence and conflict between EU counterterrorism policy and other EU policies. Read the full paper here |
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Our ninth newsletter summarizes Deliverable 3 (Workpackage 2). This newsletter summarizes the findings and conclusions of deliverable 3 on the new concepts and aspects of security (referring primarily to the matter of terrorism) here |
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Our tenth newsletter summarizes Deliverable 7 (Workpackage 4). This newsletter summarizes the findings and conclusions of deliverable 7 on radicalisation, recruitment and the EU counter-radicalisation strategy. The full text of the deliverable can be accessed here. |
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Our eleventh newsletter summarizes Deliverable 5 (Workpackage 3). This newsletter captures the research results of an in-depth three part study on concepts of terrorism. The full text of the deliverable can be accessed here. |
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Our twelfth newsletter summarizes Deliverable 12b (Workpackage 6). Deliverable 12b assesses the ethical justness of counterterrorism measures from a perspective of five countries and also evaluates the EU Counterterrorism policy. The full text of the deliverable can be accessed here. |
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Our thirteenth newsletter summarizes Deliverable 8 (Workpackage 4). This deliverable analyses how measures of counterterrorism have affected civil peace including processes of radicalization. The full text of the deliverable can be accessed here. |
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Our fourteenth newsletter is a special edition which covers the TTSRL conference. In the newsletter we present the general overviews of the workshops and provide key conclusions of the discussions. To review the PowerPoint slides presented at the conference, please go to our conference page or just click here. |
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Policy Briefs
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Our first Policy Brief deals with policy recommendations linked to our Workpackage 5. This workpackage is about economic consequences of terrorism, as well as means for consequence minimization. Read the full paper here |
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This policy brief deals with our recommendations in relation to workpackage 3, deliverable 4. Specifically, this concerns the issue of a definition of terrorism. Read the full deliverable here |
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This policy brief deals with our recommendations in relation to workpackage 4, deliverable 6. This workpackage deals with issues relating to media and terrorism. Read the full deliverable here |
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This policy brief deals with our recommendations in relation to workpackage 4, deliverable 7. The workpackage looks into processes of radicalisation, recruitment and the EU counter-radicalisation strategy. Read the full deliverable here. |
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This policy brief summarizes key recommendations based on the conclusions of an in-depth three part study on concepts of terrorism. You can read the full deliverable here. |
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This policy brief summarizes key recommendations based on the conclusions and research findings of three deliverables in workpackage 2, dealing with notions of security. You can find the full deliverables in the publications section of our website.
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This policy brief summarizes key recommendations based on the conclusions and research findings of deliverable 13 in workpackage 6. The aim of this deliverable and policy brief was to synthesize information provided in three other deliverables in this workpackage under the heading of "Towards a comprehensive, coherent and ethically just European counterterrorism policy". You can find the full deliverables in the publications section of our website.
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Papers by Partners
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This study does not try to analyze the latest developments or to describe the Al-Qaeda of today, given its extreme fluidity. Instead the authors go back to basics and look at the different forms and phases of Al-Qaeda, and investigate the persons and ideas behind it. With regard to the latter, their primary focus is not on the many post-9/11 studies on Al-Qaeda, but on the documents and statements of Al-Qaeda itself. |
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This FRIDE paper focuses on the situation and the rights of victims of violence related to terrorism and counterterrorism. |
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This paper was written by COT in TTSRL context for Workpackage 3, Deliverables 4 and 5, and focuses on one particular form of terrorism: Lone-Wolf Terrorism. Apart from a definition, a historical overview and many examples, some personal characteristics and methods are analyzed. Finally, both the impact of Lone-Wolf terrorism and some possible responses are discussed. |
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A paper by DCISM / DIIS that explores the potential contribution of Social Movement Theory to throw light on the question of violent radicalization in Europe |
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The follow-up paper by DCISM / DIIS explores the potential contribution of socio-psychological and pshychological approaches to explain the question of violent radicalization in Europe |
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